Sickle cell disease (SCD) is another inherited blood disorder where red cells become stiff and “sickle‑shaped.” These cells can block small blood vessels, causing pain, organ damage and anemia. Transfusions play a key role in selected situations.

Why transfusions are used in sickle cell disease

Sickle red cells:

·       Break down more quickly than normal cells, causing chronic anemia.

·       Can clump and block blood flow, leading to painful crises and complications in the brain, lungs and other organs.

Transfusions help by:

·       Increasing the percentage of normal red cells in the bloodstream.

·       Lowering the proportion of sickle cells, improving oxygen delivery.

·       Preventing or treating serious complications like stroke or acute chest syndrome.

Not every patient with SCD needs regular transfusions, but they may be used:

·       In acute crises (e.g., stroke, severe chest problems, major anemia).

·       As chronic (long‑term) therapy in children at high risk of stroke or with severe complications.

Types of transfusion strategies

·       Simple transfusion: adding donor red cells on top of the patient’s blood to raise hemoglobin and dilute sickle cells.

·       Exchange transfusion (in larger centres): removing some of the patient’s blood while adding donor blood, more rapidly reducing sickle cells without raising viscosity too high.

The choice depends on severity, available facilities and the patient’s overall condition.

Risks and special care

Because SCD patients may receive multiple transfusions:

·       They are at increased risk of developing red cell antibodies to donor blood.

·       Blood banks often use extended matching (beyond ABO and Rh) to reduce this risk.

·       Iron overload can occur, so chelation therapy may also be needed, like in thalassemia.

Families should know that transfusions are one tool among others, including:

·       Medicines like hydroxyurea.

·       Infection prevention (vaccines, antibiotics).

·       Pain management and regular check‑ups.