What Happens Before, During and After a Transfusion
Understanding the process around a transfusion can reduce fear and help you and your family feel more in control.
1. Assessment and explanation
Your doctor or nurse explains:
o Why a transfusion is recommended.
o What type of blood product you will receive.
o What benefits and risks exist.
In non‑emergency situations, you (or your guardian) will be asked to give informed consent—verbal or written permission.
2. Blood tests
A sample of your blood is taken to:
o Confirm your ABO and Rh group.
o Screen for antibodies.
o Run other tests if needed (hemoglobin, platelets, clotting tests, kidney and liver function).
3. Ordering and matching blood
The blood bank selects a compatible unit and performs cross‑matching. Once cleared, the unit is labeled with your details and sent to the ward or operating theatre.
4. Identity checks
At your bedside, staff double‑check:
o Your full name and identification details.
o The label on the blood unit and its expiry date.
o That the product type and blood group match what is ordered.
1. Setting up the transfusion
A nurse inserts or uses an existing intravenous (IV) line, usually in your arm or hand. The blood bag is hung on a stand and connected through a sterile giving set (tubing) with a special filter.
2. Starting slowly
The transfusion is started at a controlled rate, usually slowly at first. This allows staff to monitor you closely for any early reactions.
3. Ongoing monitoring
While the blood is running, staff regularly check:
o Pulse, blood pressure, temperature and breathing rate.
o How you feel: any chills, itching, rash, pain, difficulty breathing, or unusual symptoms.
4. You should immediately tell someone if you notice anything unusual.
5. Typical duration
A unit of red blood cells often takes 1.5 to 3 hours to transfuse, depending on your condition. Platelets and plasma may be given over shorter times. In emergencies, blood may be given faster under close supervision.
1. Observation period
Once the unit is finished, the line may be flushed with saline, and you may be observed for a period (varies by hospital). Staff look for any delayed reactions.
2. Repeat tests and clinical review
Doctors may order follow‑up tests (for example, a new hemoglobin level) and assess:
o Have your symptoms improved (less breathlessness, more energy)?
o Is further transfusion needed or can you stop?
3. Documentation
All details are recorded in your chart:
o Type and amount of blood given.
o Time started and finished.
o Any reactions and how they were managed.
If you develop new symptoms (fever, dark urine, difficulty breathing, rash, or pain) in the hours or days after going home, you should seek medical help quickly and inform them that you recently had a transfusion.